鲁道夫·赫斯
演员
26
电影
5
电视节目
Rudolf Walter Richard Hess (26 April 1894 – 17 August 1987) was a German politician and a leading member of the Nazi Party in Nazi Germany. Appointed Deputy Führer to Adolf Hitler in 1933, Hess held that position until 1941, when he flew solo to Scotland in an attempt to negotiate peace with the United Kingdom during World War II. He was taken prisoner and eventually convicted of crimes against peace. He was still serving his life sentence at the time of his suicide in 1987.
Hess enlisted as an infantryman in the Imperial German Army at the outbreak of World War I. He was wounded several times during the war and was awarded the Iron Cross, 2nd Class, in 1915. Shortly before the war ended, Hess enrolled to train as an aviator, but he saw no action in that role. He left the armed forces in December 1918 with the rank of Leutnant der Reserve. In 1919, Hess enrolled in the University of Munich, where he studied geopolitics under Karl Haushofer, a proponent of the concept of Lebensraum ("living space"), which became one of the pillars of Nazi ideology. Hess joined the Nazi Party on 1 July 1920 and was at Hitler's side on 8 November 1923 for the Beer Hall Putsch, a failed Nazi attempt to seize control of the government of Bavaria. While serving a prison sentence for this attempted coup, he assisted Hitler with Mein Kampf, which became a foundation of the political platform of the Nazi Party.
After Hitler became Chancellor in January 1933, Hess was appointed Deputy Führer of the Nazi Party in April. He was elected to the Reichstag in the March elections, was made a Reichsleiter of the Nazi Party in June and in December 1933 he became Minister without Portfolio in Hitler's cabinet. He was also appointed in 1938 to the Cabinet Council and in August 1939 to the Council of Ministers for Defence of the Reich. Hitler decreed on the outbreak of war on 1 September 1939 that Hermann Göring was his official successor, and named Hess as next in line. In addition to appearing on Hitler's behalf at speaking engagements and rallies, Hess signed into law much of the government's legislation, including the Nuremberg Laws of 1935, which stripped the Jews of Germany of their rights in the lead-up to the Holocaust.
On 10 May 1941, Hess made a solo flight to Scotland, where he hoped to arrange peace talks with the Duke of Hamilton, whom he believed to be a prominent opponent of the British government's war policy. The British authorities arrested Hess immediately on his arrival and held him in custody until the end of the war, when he was returned to Germany to stand trial at the 1946 Nuremberg trials of major war criminals. During much of his trial, Hess claimed to be suffering from amnesia, but he later admitted to the court that this had been a ruse. The court convicted him of crimes against peace and of conspiracy with other German leaders to commit crimes. He served a life sentence in Spandau Prison; the Soviet Union blocked repeated attempts by family members and prominent politicians to win his early release. While still in custody as the only prisoner in Spandau, he hanged himself in 1987 at the age of 93. After his death, the prison was demolished to prevent it from becoming a neo-Nazi shrine.
作为演员/演员
纽伦堡
自我(档案片段)(未注明出处)
欧洲十字军东征
自我(存档片段)
阳光
Self - Beside Hitler (archive footage) (uncredited)
意志的胜利
自己
Hitler's bodyguard
自我(存档片段)
启示录希特勒的崛起
自我(存档片段)
希特勒:最后十天
Rudolf Hess (archive footage) (uncredited)
希特勒 - 职业生涯
自我(存档片段)
谢尔盖·梅德韦杰夫的世纪之谜
自我(存档片段)
弗兰克·卡普拉的美国梦
自我(存档片段)
奥林匹亚——人民的节日
Self - Stands with Hitler (uncredited)
Krigsförbrytare
自我(档案片段)(未注明出处)
普通法西斯主义
自我(存档片段)
Dawn of the Nazis
自我(存档片段)
里芬斯塔尔
自我(存档片段)
Marcia su Roma
自我 - 政治家(档案片段)
Genocide
自我(存档片段)
希特勒对德国
自己
自由日! - 我们的国防军
自己
纽伦堡:今天的教训
自己
很长一段路
自我 - 政治家(档案片段)
纽伦堡:历史影像
自我 - 政治家(档案片段)
阿道夫·希特勒 - 一个民族,一个帝国,一位领袖:当代历史文献
自我(存档片段)
Nuremberg : les Nazis face à leurs crimes
自我(存档片段)
信仰的胜利
自己
Männer, Helden, schwule Nazis
自我(存档片段)
Der Marsch zum Führer
自己
180
自我(档案片段)(未注明出处)
Hitler: The Making of a Monster
自我(存档片段)
The Hidden Führer: Debating the Enigma of Hitler's Sexuality
自我(存档片段)